The case on Banco Santander is a complement to the case "Nordea and the European Market for Banking and Financial Services in 2015". The Nordea case describes the market structure for banking (retail, wholesale, investment banking, asset management) in Europe, the major events that shaped the restructuring of the banking industry after the global financial crisis, and the positioning and performance of the major competitors in the Nordic region of Europe. The Banco Santander case describes the history, strategy, position and performance of Banca Santander and zooms in on the recent period where the bank under new chairman, Mrs. Ana Botín, confronts significant challenges in its South American markets and its transition from a bank focused on mergers and acquisitions to one driven by organic growth.